Fencing Draft:Glossary: Difference between revisions

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{{DISPLAYTITLE:Safety tests}}


Penetration-resistant material, masks and blade flexibility must be tested by an authorised marshal at least every two years, separate to inspections at training and events.  
==Terms related to fencing==
==Penetration-resistant material==
;Hold
Penetration-resistant material is tested using a drop tester that meets SCA standards. The specifications for creating a drop-tester are available in Appendix 3 of the Society Fencing Marshals Handbook.
:A call to immediately stop all activity on the field for safety concerns. Any person may call a hold.
The drop tester enables marshals to consistently test material by dropping a known weight a known distance, creating a known impact.
;Line
To conduct the test you need all pieces shown in the figure below, including:
:In melee combat, a minimum of two combatants, on the same side, in contiguous mutual weapons support range.
*a guide tube
 
*a drop probe
==Terms related to types of blows==
*a 75 mm threaded PVC flange
;Thrust
*two hose clamps
:The front (i.e. head-on cross section) of the point of a blade makes contact with the opponent.
*a screw driver or nut clamp to tighten the hose clamps.
;Tip Cut
#Use a hard surface. Carpet or grass absorb impact and make the test unreliable.
:The tip of the blade is placed upon the opponent and moves across the opponent by dragging along the line of the edge of the sword.
#Set the flange thread side up and lay the test fabric over it.
;Draw Cut
#Fit the first hose clamp over the fabric and flange, and pull the fabric tight as you push the clamp down. Tighten the clamp.
:The edge of the blade is placed upon the opponent and slides in the line of the sword or dagger by:
#Fit the second clamp below the flange so that it is touching the first. Make sure the fabric is tightly secured.
:*pulling (i.e. contact starts closer to the hilt and ends closer to the tip)
#Place the guide tube vertically in the centre of the fabric.
:*pushing (i.e. contact starts closer to the tip and ends closer to the hilt).
#Insert the probe into the guide tube, lined up to the mark to drop it from.
;Percussive Blow
#Drop the probe.
:The edge of the blade makes contact with the opponent with controlled force such that the opponent can reasonably feel the contact.
#Examine the fabric.
 
##If the test fabric has 4 layers, and the probe has penetrated anything below the top layer of fabric, the material fails.
==Terms related to acknowledging blows==
##If the test fabric has fewer than 4 layers, and the probe penetrates through any layer, the material passes.
;Head
#If the probe does not punch through, check that the clamps are still secure and that the fabric did not slip.
:The head and entire mask or helmet
#If the marshal is satisfied, the material passes.
;Torso
===Exemptions===
:The torso includes the chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm extending 10cm down from the armpit and the inner thigh extending 10cm down from the groin
The following materials are known to pass these tests when new:
;Body
*ballistic nylon rated to at least 550 Newtons
:The body head and torso includes the head and entire helmet, the neck, chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm and the inner thigh extending 10cm down from the armpit and the groin, respectively
*commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons
;Hand
*mail made of welded or riveted steel rings that will not admit a 5/32 inches (4 mm) diameter probe. Rings no greater than 0.155 inches (4 mm) in internal diameter made of wire no less than 0.020 inches (0.5 mm) thick meet this requirement
:The hand, including all fingers, up to and including the wrist
These materials only need to be tested at the marshal's discretion.
;Arm
==Blade flexibility==
:The arm not including the hand or the area defined as part of the body
To test the flexibility of a blade, follow this procedure.
;Thigh
#Clamp or hold the blade, where the ricasso meets the tang, on a rigid surface, such as a table, to ensure it doesn't move at the table end. The rest of blade must extend off the rigid surface so that it is unsupported.
:The upper leg, not including the area defined as part of the body, down to and including the top of the kneecap and the crease at the back of the knee
#Hang a 170 gram (6oz) weight 25 mm from the tip.
;Lower Leg
#If the blade of a dagger flexes at least 12.5 mm (1/2 inch), it meets the standard.
:The foot, lower leg, and knee below the thigh
#For a sword used in Fencing Combat, the blade must flex at least 25 mm (1 inch).
;Torso
#For a sword used in Cut and Thrust Combat, the blade must flex at least 12.5 mm (1/2 inch).
:The torso includes the chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm extending 10cm down from the armpit
</div>
;External Reproductive Organs
[[Category:Draft Rapier Handbook | K]]
:In this context, external reproductive organs refers to penis and/or testicles
;Hemangioma
:A collection of blood vessels at the surface of the skin, characterized as a raised red growth. Hemangiomas that bleed more easily than regular skin must be covered by rigid material.
 
==Terms related to equipment==
;Abrasion-resistant material
:Material that will withstand normal combat stresses (such as being snagged by burr on a metal blade) without tearing. Examples include, but are not limited to:
:*broadcloth
:*a single layer of heavy poplin cloth (35% cotton, 65% polyester; "trigger" cloth)
:*sweat pants
:*opaque cotton, poly-cotton or lycra/spandex mix tights
:Nylon pantyhose and cotton gauze shirts are examples of unacceptable materials.
;Penetration-resistant material
:Material that will predictably withstand a puncture as shown by passing a penetration test. The following materials are known to pass these tests when new:
:*ballistic nylon rated to at least 550 Newtons
:*commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons
:*mail made of welded or riveted steel rings that will not admit a 5/32 inch (4 mm) diameter probe. Rings no greater than 0.155 inch (4 mm) in internal diameter made of wire no less than 0.020 inch (0.5 mm) thick meet this requirement
:The above materials need only be tested at the marshal's discretion; all other materials must be tested the first time new gear is used, or if no marshal on the field knows a given piece of gear to have been tested.
:Under Armour, Spandex, and other similar stretchy materials are not suitable components of penetration-resistant material and must not be included in testing. Kevlar is not an acceptable material, as it degrades rapidly.
;Resilient padding
:Any material or combination of materials - equivalent to 6mm of closed cell foam - that absorbs some of the force of a thrust or blow.
;Vital area
:The areas of the body that are required to be covered by penetration resistant armor or rigid armor.
;Rigid material
:Material that will not significantly flex, spread apart, or deform under pressure of 12kg applied by a standard mask tester, repeatedly to any single point. Examples of rigid material are:
:*22 gauge stainless steel (0.8 mm)
:*20 gauge mild steel (1.0 mm)
:*16 gauge aluminium, copper, or brass (1.6 mm)
:*one layer of hardened heavy leather (8 ounce, 3.2 mm)
:Perforated material that meets this requirement must have holes no larger than 3 mm in any direction, and a spacing of at least 5 mm centre-to-centre.
 
==Terms relating to weapons==
;Blunt
:A protective covering for the tip of a sword or dagger.   
:*A blunt can be made of shatter-resistant polymer, rubber or leather.
:*It must have a minimum size of 10mm in any direction that strikes the opponent.
:*Polymer and rubber blunts must be at least 3mm thick between the striking surface and the tip or edge of the blade.
:*Leather blunts must be at least 1.6mm thick.
[[Category:Fencing Draft Handbook | R]]
[[Category:Fencing Draft Handbook Logged | R]]

Latest revision as of 21:15, 13 December 2023

Terms related to fencing

Hold
A call to immediately stop all activity on the field for safety concerns. Any person may call a hold.
Line
In melee combat, a minimum of two combatants, on the same side, in contiguous mutual weapons support range.

Terms related to types of blows

Thrust
The front (i.e. head-on cross section) of the point of a blade makes contact with the opponent.
Tip Cut
The tip of the blade is placed upon the opponent and moves across the opponent by dragging along the line of the edge of the sword.
Draw Cut
The edge of the blade is placed upon the opponent and slides in the line of the sword or dagger by:
  • pulling (i.e. contact starts closer to the hilt and ends closer to the tip)
  • pushing (i.e. contact starts closer to the tip and ends closer to the hilt).
Percussive Blow
The edge of the blade makes contact with the opponent with controlled force such that the opponent can reasonably feel the contact.

Terms related to acknowledging blows

Head
The head and entire mask or helmet
Torso
The torso includes the chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm extending 10cm down from the armpit and the inner thigh extending 10cm down from the groin
Body
The body head and torso includes the head and entire helmet, the neck, chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm and the inner thigh extending 10cm down from the armpit and the groin, respectively
Hand
The hand, including all fingers, up to and including the wrist
Arm
The arm not including the hand or the area defined as part of the body
Thigh
The upper leg, not including the area defined as part of the body, down to and including the top of the kneecap and the crease at the back of the knee
Lower Leg
The foot, lower leg, and knee below the thigh
Torso
The torso includes the chest, abdomen, back, and the regions on the inner part of the upper arm extending 10cm down from the armpit
External Reproductive Organs
In this context, external reproductive organs refers to penis and/or testicles
Hemangioma
A collection of blood vessels at the surface of the skin, characterized as a raised red growth. Hemangiomas that bleed more easily than regular skin must be covered by rigid material.

Terms related to equipment

Abrasion-resistant material
Material that will withstand normal combat stresses (such as being snagged by burr on a metal blade) without tearing. Examples include, but are not limited to:
  • broadcloth
  • a single layer of heavy poplin cloth (35% cotton, 65% polyester; "trigger" cloth)
  • sweat pants
  • opaque cotton, poly-cotton or lycra/spandex mix tights
Nylon pantyhose and cotton gauze shirts are examples of unacceptable materials.
Penetration-resistant material
Material that will predictably withstand a puncture as shown by passing a penetration test. The following materials are known to pass these tests when new:
  • ballistic nylon rated to at least 550 Newtons
  • commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons
  • mail made of welded or riveted steel rings that will not admit a 5/32 inch (4 mm) diameter probe. Rings no greater than 0.155 inch (4 mm) in internal diameter made of wire no less than 0.020 inch (0.5 mm) thick meet this requirement
The above materials need only be tested at the marshal's discretion; all other materials must be tested the first time new gear is used, or if no marshal on the field knows a given piece of gear to have been tested.
Under Armour, Spandex, and other similar stretchy materials are not suitable components of penetration-resistant material and must not be included in testing. Kevlar is not an acceptable material, as it degrades rapidly.
Resilient padding
Any material or combination of materials - equivalent to 6mm of closed cell foam - that absorbs some of the force of a thrust or blow.
Vital area
The areas of the body that are required to be covered by penetration resistant armor or rigid armor.
Rigid material
Material that will not significantly flex, spread apart, or deform under pressure of 12kg applied by a standard mask tester, repeatedly to any single point. Examples of rigid material are:
  • 22 gauge stainless steel (0.8 mm)
  • 20 gauge mild steel (1.0 mm)
  • 16 gauge aluminium, copper, or brass (1.6 mm)
  • one layer of hardened heavy leather (8 ounce, 3.2 mm)
Perforated material that meets this requirement must have holes no larger than 3 mm in any direction, and a spacing of at least 5 mm centre-to-centre.

Terms relating to weapons

Blunt
A protective covering for the tip of a sword or dagger.
  • A blunt can be made of shatter-resistant polymer, rubber or leather.
  • It must have a minimum size of 10mm in any direction that strikes the opponent.
  • Polymer and rubber blunts must be at least 3mm thick between the striking surface and the tip or edge of the blade.
  • Leather blunts must be at least 1.6mm thick.
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