Fencing Draft:V6 Change Log

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Changes in Chapter 1

Was 1.1 The rules
Now
1.1 About these rules
Reason
Not all the rules.
1.3 General information
Rules moved to other sections
1.3.1
Moved to be 1.3.1.2
1.3.2 and 3
Moved to 11.1.1 and 2 in Supervising combat, and reworded.
1.3.4
Moved to be 1.1.5
Was
... Guest fencers must meet the Kingdom's standards for protective gear and weapons set out in these rules.
Now
... Guest fencers must follow all of Lochac's fencing rules, including standards for protective gear and weapons set out in these rules.
Functional change
Guest fencers have to follow all of our rules when they fight here, not just our equipment standards.
Reason
Rule was originally unclear about which kingdom's stanadrds applied.
For notes
October 2023 - Clarification that guest fencers to Lochac must follow all of our fencing rules when fencing here.
1.4.1.1 in Application of the rules - General
Additional text
When in doubt, consider safety above all else.
Functional change
None
Reason
Emphasising importance of safety especially when rules are unclear.
For note section
Not required
1.4.1.2.b in in Application of the rules - General
Was
All fencers and marshals should make sure they keep up with these announcements.
Now
All fencers and marshals must make sure they keep up with these announcements.
Functional change
This is a requirement. It's not just recommended, and not optional.
Reason
"Should" implies there are valid reasons for not keeping up with these announcments. It's not optional.
1.5.4 in Youth activities
Was
...ensure that the minor's parent or legal guardian has:
  • ...
  • and has signed a statement explicitly acknowledging this.
Now
... ensure that the minor's parent or legal guardian has:
Functional change
None, clarification only
Reason
Links to relevant paperwork that we use for this purpose.
1.4.5 in Youth activities
Insert new rule
Authorisation cards issued to minors will have "MINOR" clearly printed across the face of the card.
Functional change
None
Reason
Matching wording in Armoured combat rules and reflects current practice.
1.4.6 in Youth activities
Insert new rule
Participants under 18 years of age cannot hold Fencing Marshal or Authorising Fencing Marshal authorisations.
Functional change
Re-including age restrictions for authorised marshals (was included previously).
Reason
Marshals are officers, and officers in Lochac must be over 18.
For notes section
Not required
1.6.1 Key changes to these rules
  • Removed as duplication of information held elsewhere in the document, and no longer current for this round of changes.
  • See the change log for full list of changes.

Changes in Chapter 2

Chapter 2 - Rules for fencers
Has been reworked into its components and reordered, and subsequent sections renumbered
  • 2. Types of Fencing
  • 3. Single combat, melee and gunners
  • 4. When you are allowed to fence
  • 5. Behaviour on the field
  • 6. Using weapons and defensive objects
  • 7. Taking blows
  • 8. Protective equipment
  • 9. Weapons and defensive equipment
Was 2.4.1.1. now 2.1.1 in General
Was
  • Standard fencing
  • Cut and Thrust fencing
Now
  • Standard fencing (sometimes called "rapier" or "heavy rapier")
  • Cut and Thrust fencing, which allows percussive cuts and requires additional armour.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarification following a query, and explains what the difference is for Cut & Thrust
For notes section
Not required
2.2.2 in General
Was
Not in rules previously
Now
Different types of fencing combat cannot face each other in the same bout. For example, Cut and Thrust may not face Standard fencing.
Subsequent rules renumbered
Functional change
Prevents opponents from using different rules in the same bout.
Reason
Bouts must operate under a single ruleset; this change prevents a clash. Was not clear previously.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarified that the different fencing types may not be used in the same bout - eg one opponent may not use Cut and Thrust rules while the other uses Standard Fencing rules.
Was 2.4.2.3, now 2.2.2 in Prerequisites
Was
There is no waiting period for obtaining these additional authorisations.
Now
There is no waiting period for obtaining additional authorisations. This means you may be authorised in Spear or Cut and Thrust immediately after your Standard fencing authorisation.
Functional change
None, clarification
Reason
Clarification following query from participant.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarification that you can complete multiple authorisations at one practice or event in order to meet prerequisite requirements.
Was 2.4.2.3, now 2.2.3 in Prerequisites
Was
You can use a spear if you have a current Rapier Pike or Pole Weapon authorisation under the previous Lochac Rapier Rules.
Now
You can use a spear if you have a current Rapier Pike or Pole Weapon authorisation under prior Lochac Rapier Rules.
Functional change
None. Grammar change only
Reason
Rapier Pike and Pole Weapon appear in earlier rule sets, but not v5 which these rules supersede.
For notes section
Not required.

Changes in Chapter 3

Was 2.5.2.5, now 3.2.5 in Melee
Was
You cannot turn your back on an opponent to gain an advantage (that is, to stop them attacking you). If you do turn your back on an opponent during an engagement, you might be attacked.
Now
You cannot turn your back on an opponent to gain an advantage (that is, to stop them attacking you). Fencers who intentionally turn their back on their opponent they are engaged with may be subject to sanctions.
Functional change
Additional restriction, aligns with other kingdoms and armoured combat rules, makes clear this potentially unsafe act is against the rules.
Reason
Aligns with other kingdoms and armoured combat rules, makes clear this potentially unsafe act is against the rules.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarification that deliberately turning your back to gain advantage is against the rules and you may be punished for it.
Was 2.5.2.7, now 3.2.7 in Melee
Additional text
Two-handed weapons, including spears, must be held vertically while running.
Functional change
Two handed meapons must be held vertically when running.
Reason
At Rowany Festival there were several close calls where control was lost during running due to loose terrain or unexpected action from an opponent. It is significantly easier to mitigate an accidental strike with a single handed weapon, so two handed weapons must be subject to additional care.
For note section
October 2023 - There is a potential to lose control when running, due to loose terrain or unexpected action from an opponent. It is significantly easier to mitigate an accidental strike with a single handed weapon, so you must take extra care with two handed weapons.
Was 2.5.2.8, now 3.2.8 in Melee
Was
You are allowed to use Cut and Thrust combat in a melee, as long as all the fencers are wearing Cut and Thrust equipment.
Now
You are allowed to use Cut and Thrust combat in a melee, as long as all the fencers are wearing Cut and Thrust equipment and using Cut and Thrust rules.
Functional change
None
Reason
Reinforcing that Cut and Thrust and Standard fencing may not happen in the smae combat.
3.2.9 in Melee
Insert new rule
Marshals must ensure that rubber band guns are safely discharged before calling "masks off" after a hold is called.
Was 2.5.3.4, now 3.3.3 in Gunners
Was
You are able to continue shooting at opponents until:
  • you are "killed" or "incapacitated" by a shot from a rubber band gun
  • you are "killed" by a fencer according to the rules for "killing from behind" (see section 2.6.2.1), or "killing a gunner" (see section 2.6.2.2).
  • you run out of ammunition (remembering that you cannot pick up used ammunition on the field).
Now
You are able to continue shooting at opponents until:
  • you are "killed" or "incapacitated" by a shot from a rubber band gun, or
  • you are "killed" by a fencer or according to the rules for "killing from behind", or
  • you run out of ammunition (remembering that you cannot pick up used ammunition on the field).
Functional change
None
Reason
List of options, killing gunners has been incorporated into this section now.
3.3.4 in Gunners
Insert new rules
Fencers with a standard fencing authorisation may follow the rules for gunners should they choose, if they are only armed with rubber band guns. They may not use another weapon during any scenario where they are acting as gunners.
Functional change
Allows fencers to act as gunners
Reason
Updates rules to allow fencers to act as gunners
For notes section
October 2023 - Fencers may act as gunners if they carry no other weapon than a rubber band gun.
Was 2.6.2.2 Killing a gunner in Using your weapons and defensive objects
Moved to 3.3.5 in Gunners
Was 2.6.2.2.1, now 3.3.5
Was
When gunners are taking part in combat, there are rules to allow you to "kill" a gunner without making contact. When you are in front of a gunner, you can:
Now
If you are a fencer, to "kill" a gunner , you must:
Functional change
None
Reason
Tidy up of language now that it's in a different section.
Was 2.6.2.2.3, now 3.3.7
Was
If you are behind a gunner, you can kill them by using the 'killing from behind' rules.
Now
If you are behind a gunner, you can kill them by using the "killing from behind" rules, if they are allowed in this scenario.
Functional change
None
Reason
Highlight that killing from behind has to be explicitly allowed each scenario.
3.3.8 - new rule
At the beginning of a scenario, the Marshal-in-Charge may, with the agreement of all gunners, state that gunners may be slain as normal (i.e., by being struck with a non-ranged weapon). This must be made clear to all participants.
Functional change
Gunners may be struck with their agreement.
Reason
Formalises the existing commonly used rule that gunners may be struck upon their agreement
For notes
October 2023 - Formalises a existing commonly used rule that gunners may be struck upon their agreement.

Changes in Chapter 4

Was 2.1.1, now 4.1 in When you are allowed to fence
Was
You must be authorised in fencing to participate in any combat event.
Now
You must be authorised in fencing to participate in any combat event. You need to be able to prove that you are authorised by presenting your current authorisation card or valid temporary paperwork.
Functional change
None. Reminder that you need to prove that you are authorised.
Reason
Reminder that you need to prove that you are authorised to participate.
For notes section
October 2023 - A reminder that you need to prove that you are authorised to participate by presenting a current authorisation card, or your temporary paperwork until your card arrives.
Was 2.1.2, now 4.2 in When you are allowed to fence
Was
To be authorised, you have to pass a verbal and practical test to show that you...
Now
To be authorised, you have to pass a verbal and practical combat test to show that you...
Functional change
Addition of the word "combat" to highlight that the practical component must include combat
Reason
The handbook currently has two phrases meaning the same component of the authorising process. This combines them.
For notes section
October 2023 - The practical component of authorisations must include combat.
Was 2.1.5, now 4.5 in When you are allowed to fence
Additional note
If you are too intoxicated or similarly impaired to drive, you are not fit to fight.
Functional change
None
Reason
Mirroring requirment in armoured handbook, doubling down on importance of proper judgement when fighting.
Was 2.1.6, now 4.6 in When you are allowed to fence
Was
If you suffer an injury involving bleeding, you must leave the field immediately. You must have the wound cleaned and dressed before you return to the field. Any weapons, equipment or clothing that have visible blood on them must be cleaned, or not used further.
Now
If you suffer an injury involving bleeding, you must leave the field immediately, and may not return until the flow of blood has stopped. Weapons and equipment that have visible blood on them must be cleaned before further use.
Functional change
A wound may not need to be dressed if bleeding has stopped.
Reason
Update to align with armoured combat requirements.
What was section 2.2 Fighting by the rules and 2.3 Issues on the field
Now 5. Behaviour on the field and restructured.
  • 5.1 Fighting by the rules
  • 5.2 Issues on the field
  • 5.2.1 Holds
  • 5.2.2 Injuries
  • 5.2.3 After the bout

Changes in Chapter 5

5.2.1.2 in Holds
"and" added to clarify that each rule is part of the process
Was 2.2.7.c in Fighting by the rules, now 5.2.1.2.b in Holds
Rule moved to highlight order that things should happen in. Propagating the call of hold is important.
Was 2.2.7.b in Fighting by the rules, now 5.2.1.2.b in Holds
Was
check if you or someone else is in danger - then move your weapons to a non-threatening position
Now
check if you or someone else is in danger - then move your weapons to a non-threatening position, such as pointing loaded rubber band guns at the ground, or resting the muzzle or point of your weapon on your shoe to keep it out of the dirt. The marshal may require you to discharge your rubber band into the ground.
Functional change
None. Gunners didn't previously have good guidance as to what was "non-threatening".
Reason
Gunners didn't previously have good guidance as to what was "non-threatening".
For notes section
October 2023 - Guidance for gunners added as to what to do with RBGs during holds. Point your loaded RBG at the ground or rest the muzzles on your foot so that any accidental discharge doesn't strike anyone else.
5.2.1.3 in Holds
Insert new rule and renumber subsequent rules
A call of "Hold!" stops combat for an entire field. There are no "local holds" in Lochac fencing.
Functional change
None. Clarfication following query about local holds.
Reason
Clarfication following query about local holds. We aren't big enough to be able to stop fencing in one part of a war field and have it continue elsewhere.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarification that Lochac doesn't use local holds in our fencing wars and melees.
5.2.4 and 5 in Holds
Insert new rule and renumber subsequent rules
4. Masks and other protective equipment must remain on during a "Hold!" until a marshal calls "masks off".
5. Marshals must ensure that rubber band guns are safely discharged before calling "masks off" after a Hold is called.
Functional change
None, codifying current practice.
Reason
Improved protection from accidental discharge of missile weapons.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarification added to keep your armour on during holds until rubber band guns can be safely discharged, and the marshal instructs otherwise
Was 2.1.6 in When you are allowed to fence, now 5.2.2.1 in Injuries
Was
If you suffer an injury involving bleeding, you must leave the field immediately. You must have the wound cleaned and dressed before you return to the field. Any weapons, equipment or clothing that have visible blood on them must be cleaned, or not used further.
Now
If you have an injury involving free flowing blood, you must leave the field immediately and may not return until the flow of blood has stopped. Clean affected weapons and equipment before use.
Functional change
Wait until bleeding has stopped before returning to the field. Dressing the wound not specifically required, though may be practical to prevent further irritation.
Reason
Matches wording in Armoured Combat rules 4.2.7. Dressing the wound may not be required once bleeding has stopped, and clothing may be permanently stained with blood even after laundering.
5.2.2.2
Insert new rule
If there is an incident where you think you may have been concussed, you must leave the field immediately, and may not return to combat activities of any type until cleared to do so by a healthcare professional. The signs and symptoms of suspected concussion can be found in Concussion in Sport Group's Concussion Recognition Tool 5.
Functional change
Mirroring the requirements for withdrawing if bleeding, and aligning with the injury management procedures. You must leave the field if you suspect you have been concussed.
Reason
We want to highlight the risk of concussion, and help our people learn to recognise it in themselves and other participants.
For notes section
October 2023 - We have added this rule to help you know what to do if you think you might have been concussed, and how to recognise it. Even minor head injuries can have long-term consequences if not treated with due care.
Was 2.3.1 and 3, now 5.2.3.1
Was
1. After a bout, the person supervising the field will ask you if you are satisfied with the outcome. This is a chance for you to talk to your opponent about any concerns you have.
3. If you leave the field without raising any issues, you are considered to be satisfied with the outcome and cannot raise the issue later. The exception is if there is an emergency situation, such as being taken off the field because of an injury.
Now
1. After a bout, the person supervising the field will ask you if you are satisfied with the outcome. This is a chance for you to talk to your opponent about any concerns you have and resolve issues before leaving the field.
3. removed and subsequent rule renumbered
Functional change
You can raise an issue after combat - on the field is not necessarily the best time for these discussions.
Reason
The removed rule negatively affected people who were unable to commence conflict, particularly with someone in a position of power, and also conflicted with other rules in this section.
For notes section
October 2023 - A previous rule about being considered satisfied with the outcome, and not being able to raise an issue with the fight once you have left the field was removed. It may not be possible or appropriate to resolve all issues on the field, though you are encouraged to try.

Changes in Chapter 6

Was 2.6.2.2, now 6.2.2 in Striking your opponent
Was
You are not allowed to strike your opponent with any other part of the sword or dagger except the blade.
Now
You are not allowed to strike your opponent with any other part of the sword or dagger except the blade and point.
Functional change
None, clarification
Reason
Follows discussions as to whether a blade and point are different, considering construction of spear heads which obviously have a blade you can't use, and act only as a point.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarifies that the point of the sword and dagger can also be used to strike your opponent.
Was 2.6.2.4, would have been 6.2.4
Was
You and your opponent need to agree to allow the use of tip cuts before the bout.
Now
Removed
Subsequent rules renumbered
Functional change
Opponents no longer need to agree to the use of tip cuts beforre they can be used.
Reason
Tip cuts are an accepted part of fencing combat in Lochac.
For notes section
October 2023 - Tip cuts are an accepted part of fencing combat in Lochac, so the previous requirement to agree to use them has been removed.
Was 2.6.2.1, now 6.3 Killing from behind
What was 2.6.2.1 Killing from behind has been renumbered to 6.3 to avoid a numbering clash with 6.2 Striking your opponent's sub-rules.
What was 2.6.2.2 Killing a gunner has been moved to be part of 3.3 Gunners
  • Subsequent rules have been renumbered.
6.3.3 and 4 in Killing from behind
Insert new rules
6.3.3 - You must use "killing from behind" when you are behind the line of your opponent's shoulders. Marshals may further restrict this angle at their discretion.
6.3.4 - If "killing from behind" is not allowed in the scenario, you may not strike your opponent while behind the line of your opponent's shoulders.
Functional change
Clarification added for when killing from behind may be used, and allows marshals to add additional restrictions
Reason
Adds clarity around when killing from behind can be used. Marshals will be able to add additional restrictions (such as "outside of 120 degrees of the front arc"), but this is very difficult to clearly legislate.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarification added for when killing from behind may be used, and allows marshals to add additional restrictions
Was 2.6.4.1 and 2.6.4.1.a , now 6.5.1 in Rubber band guns
Was
You can use a rubber band gun for melee combat, or for single combat that is not a tournament, such as bouting.
(a) In accordance with the Rules of the Lists, rubber band guns are not allowed to be used within the Lists of a tournament.
Now
Loaded rubber band guns are not allowed to be used in the Lists of a tournament. Unloaded rubber band guns can be used for all forms of single combat and melee as parrying devices.
(b) now 6.5.2 and subsequent rules renumbered.
Functional change
None
Reason
Bouting is not defined, and a bout is usually a measure of action in a tournament. Combined 1 and a as it's explanation of the rule, and 2 is a separate rule about armouring appropriately.
For notes section
Not required, just simplifying language.
Was 2.6.4.1.b, now 6.52 in Rubber band guns
Was
When rubber band guns are used, all people on the field must be wearing protective equipment, and any unarmoured spectators must be kept further away than the effective range of the weapon.
Now
When rubber band guns are used, all people on the field must be wearing protective equipment, and any unarmoured spectators must be kept further away than the effective range of the weapon. Marshals can wear head protection (as per section 8.3) as a minimum.
Functional change
None. Clarifies standard practice that marshals do not need full protection when the only additional threat is a rubber band gun.
Reason
Clarifies standard practice that marshals do not need full protection when the only additional threat is a rubber band gun.
For notes section
October 2023 - Clarifation added that marshals do not need full armour when rubber band guns are the only additional threat.
6.5.4 in Rubber band guns
Insert new rule and renumber subsequent rules
Marshals may alter these rules to allow some objects to be indestructible and "proof" against shots, but must make this clear before lay on is called.
Functional change
Marshals may alter the scenario rules to allow some objects to be indestructible and "proof" against shots, but must make this clear before lay on is called.
Reason
Formalising standrd practice
For note section
October 2023 - Clarification that marshals may amend scenario rules to make objects indestructable or proof against shots.
Was 2.6.5.3 in Defensive objects, moved to 6.5.8 in Rubber band guns
Was
If you defend yourself with a rubber band gun and it is damaged, you will have to check with the marshal if the rubber band gun still meets the rules to be used as a weapon.
If your rubber band gun is struck by a weapon other than a rubber band, you must have it reinspected by a marshal to ensure it is not damaged or unsafe before you use it again.
Functional change
None, formalises standard practice
Reason
Formalise standard practice
For notes section
October 2023 - Reminder to have your rubber band gun inspected by a marshal if it is struck by any weapon other than a rubber band to ensure that it is still safe to use.
Was 2.6.5.2, now 6.6.2 in Defensive objects
Was
You are not allowed to strike your opponent with a shield, rigid defensive object or rubber band gun.
Now
You are not allowed to strike your opponent with a shield, rigid defensive object or rubber band gun. Fleeting, incidental contact is allowed.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarification
For notes section
Not required
Was 2.6.5.4.c, now 6.6.3.c in Defensive objects
Was
you can throw your cloak, or another type of non-rigid object, at your opponent to slow down their attack or defence, or as a distraction.
Now
you can throw your cloak, or another type of non-rigid object, at your opponent to slow down their attack or defence, or as a distraction. This may include briefly blocking your opponent's vision when the cloak is in front of them in the air.
Functional change
Clarification that this is allowed
Reason
Some marshals and fencers are unclear if this is legal/safe or not, despite existing language allowing it.
For notes section
October 2023 - When you throw your cloak at your opponent, it may block their vision while in the air, but you may not throw it to cover their face or to trip them.
Was 2.5.4.d, now 6.6.3.d in Defensive Objects
Was
you must not deliberately throw your cloak over your opponent's face, or to trip them - if the cloak falls over their face, a hold should be called.
Now
you must not throw your cloak over your opponent's face, or to trip them. If the cloak falls over their face, of the fallen cloak becomes a trip hazard, a hold should be called.
Functional change
Mentions fallen cloak as a trip hazard as a reason to call a hold.
Reason
Clarifies and enhances safety.
For notes section
Not required, covered by previous note.
Was 2.6.5.5, now 6.6.4 in Defensive objects
Was
You can parry your opponent's weapon with any part of your body in a controlled action, such as using your gloved hand to deflect or push against the blade.
Now
You can parry your opponent's weapon or other equipment with any part of your body in a controlled action, such as using your gloved hand to deflect or push against the blade. However, any thrust or cut that that occurs as a result of that contact will count as a good blow, regardless of your intentions or who started the action.
Functional change
You can parry your opponent's defensive objects too, but if your action results in a legal blow from your opponent, you must take it.
Reason
You can parry your opponent's defensive objects too, but if your action results in a legal blow from your opponent, you must take it.
For notes section
October 2023 - A reminder that legal blows from cuts or thrusts that occur while you are attempting to parry with part of your body are still legal blows.
Was 2.6.5.6, now 6.6.5 in Defensive objects
Was
You can use your hand to parry your opponent's weapon or wrist. This is a change from the previous rules. You are not allowed to grasp your opponent.
Now
You can use your hand to parry your opponent's weapon or wrist. You are not allowed to grasp your opponent. Grasping includes, but is not limited to, taking hold of any part of your opponent with your hand. Fleeting incidental contact is allowed.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarification. Adds an example of what might be grasping an opponent, and makes it clear that brief incidental contact is legal.
For notes section
October 2023 - Added an example of what might be grasping an opponent, and makes it clear that brief incidental contact is legal.
Was 2.6.5.8, now 6.6.7
Was
You can briefly hold your opponent's blade to control it, but both of you must agree to use grasping during the bout. Grasping should be for no more than a couple of seconds, so that you do not start wrestling for the blade.
Now
If both you and your opponent agree to use blade grasping during a bout, you can briefly hold your opponent's blade to control it. Grasping should be for no more than a couple of seconds, so that you do not start wrestling for the blade. Blade grasping includes, but is not limited to, taking hold of an opponent's blade with your hand, or circling a blade with fingers, such as index and thumb in an "OK" sign as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Circling a blade with finger and thumb is an example of blade grasping.
.
Functional change
Examples of blade grasping included.
Reason
Some fencers have been known to circle a blade with an index and thumb, claiming this is not grasping the blade. This is unacceptable and unchivalric "rules lawyering" to take advantage of an unclear rule.
For notes section
October 2023 - Examples of blade grasping have been included, as this was previously unclear.
6.6.8 in Defensive objects
Insert new rule
When grasping, parrying, or otherwise controlling your opponent's weapon or body (such as by parrying the wrist), you must ensure you do so in a safe manner. You must avoid wrenching, twisting or pressing a joint beyond natural limits.
Functional change
Reminds fighters that these actions hold risk of hurting their opponent, so must be carried out carefully.
Reason
Accidental overextension of opponent's joints has been observed repeatedly, especially when taking control of a spear where the fighter is unable to drop the object. This emphasises the importance of control and that, should there be an incident, the burden is on the fighter who performed the action to justify their action.
For notes section
October 2023 - Following a number of incidents of accidental overextension of an opponent's joints, rule 6.6.8 has been added as a reminder to take care.

Changes in Chapter 7

Was 2.7.1, now 7.1.1 in Valid blows
You are responsible for calling out the blows that hit you.
Now
You are responsible for acknowledging blows that hit you. You need to acknowledge a valid blow clearly with words and/or motions, such as "good arm" or "dead".
Functional change
You need to acknowledge good blows.
Reason
Closer to Society wording, how to acknowledge was missing from rules. Standard practice however.
Was 2.7.2, now 7.1.2 in Valid blows
Was
When you fight, you are generally considered to be fighting with very sharp weapons, and wearing ordinary clothes that would not protect you.
(a) any thrust or cut that would have...
Now
In judging blows, all combatants are presumed to be wearing thin clothing, such as unpadded linen, not armour, and that the opponent's weapon is extremely sharp on point and edge. Any blow that would have penetrated the skin in the judgement of the person receiving the blow shall be counted a good blow.
(a) any blow that would have...
Functional change
None
Reason
Rewording to be closer to Society rule
Was 2.7.3, now 7.1.3 in Valid blows
Was
The only time this changes is if organisers hold a tournament where they define areas of the body that are protected as if you were wearing real armour.
Now
The only time these rules change is if organisers hold a tournament or other event with different victory conditions, such as saying "only blows to the head count". However, organisers may not increase the force required for a blow to be "good".
Functional change
Allows for alternate scenario rules for combat.
Reason
Aligns closer to Society standard while also providing more flexibility for alternate rulesets for Marshals.
For notes section
October 2023 - Marshals may use scenarios that allow for different victory conditions, eg. restricting target areas or counted blows, but can't change required blow strength.
Was 2.7.6.c, now 7.3.c in Blows to the arms and hands
Was
If you lose both arms, you cannot hold a weapon and you cannot continue.
Now
If you lose both arms, you cannot hold a weapon and may choose to yield.
Functional change
None, clarification
Reason
Clarifying unclear language


Was 2.7.7, now 7.4.1 in Blows to the legs
Was
If you are hit in the outside thigh, the lower leg or the foot, you cannot put weight on that leg....
Now
If you are hit in the thigh, the lower leg or the foot, you cannot put weight on that leg....
Functional change
None
Reason
No reason for outside to be here - inner thigh is only a kill 10cm down the inner thigh, not the whole length. Also removes confusion of inner vs outer and the border.
Was 2.7.7.b, now 7.4.1.b in Blows to the legs
Was
If you were hit in your lower leg or foot, you can kneel and move around on your knees. This is a change from the previous rules.
Now
If you were hit below your thigh, you can kneel and move around on your knees.
Reason
Remove redundant text. Not a change from v5.
Was 2.7.7.c, now 7.4.1.c in Blows to the legs
Was
If you were hit in your upper leg, you can kneel, but you are not allowed to rise up or move on your knees.
Now
If you were hit in your thigh, you can kneel, but you are not allowed to rise up or move on your knees.
Functional change
None
Reason
Simplified wording
Was 2.7.7.d, now 7.4.1.d in Blows to the legs
Was
If you are hit on your leg during a Cut and Thrust bout, combat can continue subject to the rules for leg injuries. This is a change from the previous rules.
Now
If you are hit on your leg during a Cut and Thrust bout, combat can continue subject to the rules for leg injuries
Remove redundant text. Not a change from v5.
7.4.2-4 in Blows to the legs
Was
Not in rules
Now
2. It is courteous to turn a kneeling or seated combatant so that they are not facing into the sun.
3. When one combatant is kneeling or seated and the other is standing, it is forbidden for the standing combatant to circle, turn or "corkscrew" the kneeling combatant more than 90 degrees in either direction from the starting position.
4. It is forbidden for a standing combatant to over bear or press (with body, weapon or other object) a kneeling or seated combatant to the point that the kneeling or seated combatant cannot straighten their upper body perpendicular to the ground. This rule is meant to allow the kneeling or seated combatant to straighten if they desire and is not intended to keep the standing combatant from leaning forward to stay in range if the kneeling or seated combatant leans back.
Functional change
Addition of rules to maintain the comfort of a legged fighter.
Reason
This language is taken verbatim from the Lochac Armoured Combat Handbook, and then adding "or seated". It works to ensure a more controlled bout without unnecessarily discomforting the legged fighter.
For notes section
October 2023 - Addition of rules to maintain the comfort of a legged fighter. These rules are similar to those found in armoured combat.

Changes in Chapter 8

Was 2.8 Wearing protective equipment, now 8 Protective equipment
Intro has been incorporated into 8.1 General requirements
Was
This section describes the protective clothing and other equipment that you must wear for combat. Your equipment must be designed and worn so that there are no gaps over vital body areas, and no more than incidental gaps over other parts of your body. These are the minimum standards for fencing clothing and equipment. You can wear additional equipment, including appropriate period clothing like hoop skirts or gauntlets with stiffened cuffs, but you need to make sure that you are still able to feel and call "good" blows.
Now
This section describes the protective clothing and other equipment that you must wear for combat.
8.1 General requirements
1. Your armour is to be designed and worn so that no gaps form over vital body areas when you assumes any reasonable position, and no more than incidental gaps on other areas.
a. If there is a small gap in coverage for areas required to be covered by abrasion-resistant material, such as a loose seam on a glove, then the item is still considered safe and legal.
b. A "Hold!" should not be called for incidental gapping in abrasion resistant armour, such as a gap between glove and sleeve, or a sock slipping down during a lunge.
2. These are the minimum standards for fencing clothing and equipment. You can wear additional equipment, including appropriate period clothing like hoop skirts, or additional protective equipment such as a chest protector for comfort, but you need to make sure that you are still able to feel and call "good" blows.
Functional change
None
Reason
Explanatory language, and clearer example, making clear that comfort-based safety equipment is legal.
Was 2.8.1, now 8.1.3 in in General requirements,
Was
You must wear full face protection for weapons drills using a spear.
Now
You must wear full face protection for weapons drills against an opponent using a spear.
Functional change
You must wear full face protection if you are drilling against an opponent who has a spear, rather than if you are using one yourself
Reason
Facing the spear is the risky part, not using it.
For notes section
October 2023 - You must wear full face protection when your opponent has a spear during drills.
Was 2.8.1.1, now 8.1.4 in General requirements
Was
Fencing practice sessions can also include drills and other classes that do not involve fighting. During sword or dagger drills with an opponent, you must wear eye protection, such as spectacles, sunglasses, safety glasses or a fencing mask or helm.
Now
It is strongly recommended that during sword or dagger drills with an opponent fencers wear eye protection. Safety glasses, a fencing mask or a helm are appropriate. Spectacles and sunglasses are not considered eye protection.
Functional change
Spectacles and sunglasses are not considered eye protection.
Reason
There is significant literature noting that spectacles, sunglasses and other equivalent eyewear do not provide protection to the wearer.
Was 2.8.1.3, now 8.2
Moved what was section 5.1 in Rules for equipment to be 8.2 in Protective equipment
Reason
Better loaction for it with the other protective equipment information.
Was a bullet point of 5.1.2 in Rules for equipment, now 8.2.2 in Protective equipment
Was
...Example of rigid material that may comply with the standard are:
  • 0.8mm stainless steel or 1mm mild steel
  • 1.6mm aluminium, copper or brass
  • One layer of hardened heavy leather (225g/8oz; 4mm).
Now
...Examples of rigid material that may comply with the standard are:
  • 0.8mm stainless steel or 1mm mild steel
  • 1.6mm aluminium, copper or brass
  • One layer of hardened heavy leather (8oz; 3.2mm).
Functional change
Heavy leather may be lighter than previously listed
Reason
The handbook currently has two conflicting definitions of heavy leather. This standardises and aligns with Society rules at 3.2mm. 8oz is a measure of thickness of leather, not an imperial weight that needed to be converted to metric.
For notes section
October2023 - The handbook previously had two contradicting definitions of 8oz heavy leather. We have settled on 3.2mm for 8oz leather to be consistent with Society rules.
Was 2.8.2.2.a, now 8.3.2.a in Head
Was
Modern fencing masks meet this requirement, but you might need additional padding if the mask's padding degrades as it gets older.
Now
Modern fencing masks meet this requirement, but you might need additional padding if the mask's padding degrades as it gets older. Whether your padding is suitable will be checked by a Marshal during inspections.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarifies if and when this will be checked and is reiterated in the inspection procedures.
Was 2.8.2.4.a and b, now 8.3.4 in Head
Was
a. For combat involving rubber band guns, we recommend you use resilient padding or rigid material to protect the back of your head.
b. You must wear rigid material to protect the back your head in Cut and Thrust fencing.
Now
a)removed and b now 8.3.5
Functional change
None, a. was a recommendation
Reason
a. Unnecessary and not in line with risk or Society standards. Note that this is not currently a requirement.
Was 2.8.3.1-2, now 8.4.1-2
Was
1. You must wear a gorget (collar) made from rigid material to protect your entire neck and throat. This should be backed by resilient padding or penetration-resistant material.
2. You must also protect your cervical vertebrae with rigid material. This might be a combination of a gorget, helm or hood insert.
Now
You must wear a gorget (collar) made from rigid material to protect your entire neck and throat. This should be backed by resilient padding or penetration-resistant material. Figure 2 shows the area which must be protected.
What was 2.8.2 has been removed and replaced by 8.4.2:
Neck protection with a gap of less than 9mm (for example, where the ends of two plates meet) meets this standard, so long as the gap is not within the front or rear 90 degree arc.
Functional change
Clarifies areas that must be covered by rigid material, and what sized gaps may be allowed.
Reason
Updates rules to remain practical and more in line with Society requirements, without reducing safety from existing practice.
The deleted section of this rule has not been enforced since a variation was introduced at least prior to 2008, as the understanding of "cervical verterbrae" differs from what is strictly written. As currently written, gorgets must protect the entire cervical column to the base of the skull, which no known gorgets do so (though gorget combined with rigid back of head protection often does so). This revised rule is equivalent to what fencers in Lochac are currently doing already, and what is accepted international practice. This issue has been raised with SRM on two occasions with no response; I expect because it would require a rapid change, such as what we are proposing here. There is no loss in safety by having a small gap, and Lochac rules are already stricter than Society level rules. Fencing blunts will not be able to penetrate this gap; this clarifies expectations around incidental gaps.
For notes section
October 2023 - Image added to clarify what parts of the neck must be protected by rigid material, and what sized gaps may be allowed.
Was 2.8.4.2, now 8.5.2 in Torso
Was
Breast protection, such as a plastron or extra padding, is strongly recommended.
Now
Breast protection, such as a plastron or extra padding, is encouraged, but not required.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarifying and explicitly stating that it's not required.
8.6.3 in Legs, feet and arms
Insert new rule
3. All participants, including combatants and non-combatants such as marshals, must wear enclosed footwear.
1. Period-style footwear is strongly encouraged.
2. Footwear with soles that provide good traction is strongly recommended.
3. Footwear which provides ankle support is strongly recommended.
Functional change
Everyone on the field must wear enclosed footwear.
Reason
To prevent punctures and resulting infection.
For notes section
October 2023 - Everyone on the field must wear enclosed footwear.
Was 2.8.7.3, now 8.8.3
Was
You take responsibility for your own safety on the field, based on any advice from your doctor or health professional. You can ask a marshal for advice, but you will be the best expert for determining your safety.
Now
You take responsibility for your own safety on the field, based on any advice from your doctor or health professional.
Functional change
None
Reason
Marshals don't have any additional skills that make them good judges of medical requirements
Added 8.9 Protective identifiers
1. If you are a gunner, you must wear scarves on both arms to show that you are not a fencer, and may only be shot or declared "killed", not struck.
(a)The scarves must be a contrasting colour to your sleeves.
(b)If you have a Standard fencing authorisation, but are carrying only a gun, you can choose to wear scarves on both arms and be subject to the rules for killing gunners, or choose to not wear scarves and be slain as normal for a fencer.
2. Combatants under the age of 18 are exempt from the Society rule requiring a marking to identify them as a minor.
Functional change
None
Reason
Captures what was 2.5.3.2 in Rules for Fencers Single combat and melee, and 1.5.5 in Youth activities.

Changes in Chapter 9

Was 5. Rules for equipment, now 9. Weapons and defensive equipment
Moved 5.1 to 8.2
Now sits with the information on protective equipment, so title updated.
Was 5.2.2, now 9.1.2 in Swords and daggers
Was
Blades must have at most one substantial curve.
Now
Blades must have at most one substantial curve. Blades that are so curved that the tip does not contact the ground when the grip is perpendicular to the ground (i.e., pointed vertically) are not allowed.
Figure X(number to be updated). With the handle vertical, the tip must touch the ground. In this example, the sword on the left is allowed, the sword on the right is not.
Functional change
Blades that are so curved that the tip does not contact the ground when the grip is perpendicular to the ground (i.e., pointed vertically) are not allowed.
Reason
From Society rules Apr 2020
For notes
October 2023 - Included rule and diagram from Society rules about curved blades.
Was 5.2.4, now 9.1.4 in Swords and daggers
Was
Not in rules
Now
Bladed weapons must not have more than one blade
Functional change
Adds requirement that bladed weapons may only have one blade.
Reason
To align with 6.2.4 of Society level rules.
For notes section
October 2023 - Added requirement for blade weapons to only have one blade as per Society rules.
Was 5.3, now 9.2 Blades
For notes section
October 2023 - Approval has been granted by the Board of SCA Inc for a variance to use fibreglass blades in Lochac on an ongoing basis. They were removed from use at Society in 2020, but we retain the need for them due to weapons legislation in Australia.
Was 5.4.2.b, now 9.3.2.b in Tips
Was
The blunt must have a minimum size of 9mm on any surface that strikes the opponent.
Now
The blunt must have a minimum size of 10mm on any surface that strikes the opponent.
Functional change
Increase in required blunt size by 1mm
Reason
In line with other blunt definitions in the handbook
For notes section
October 2023 - Blunt size has been increased to 10mm from 9mm to make it consistent throughout the handbook.
Was 5.4.6, now 9.3.6 Tips
Was
You must make sure the tape does not cover the front of the blunt, so that you can tell if the tip of the blade is breaking through.
Now
The tape must not cover the front of the blunt, so that you can tell if the tip of the blade is breaking through.
Functional change
None
Reason
Make it really clear that the tape must not cover the front of the blunt.
Was 5.6.1 Spears - General
Was
You can use two kinds of spears for fencing combat in Lochac. These are:
  • rubber-headed spears
  • steel-headed spears.
Now
5.6 Spears
5.6.1 - You can use rubber-headed spears for fencing combat in Lochac. You cannot use steel-headed spears.
Subsequent rules from what was 5.6.2 become subrules of 5.6 (5.6.2-7, and what was 5.6.3 Steel-headed spears is removed entirely.
Functional change
Steel-headed spears are no longer permitted in Lochac or the rest of Society.
Reason
Steel spears are not permitted for fencing combat after 31 December 2021, at the direction of the Society Marshal.
For notes section
October 2023 - Steel spears were no longer not permitted for fencing combat after 31 December 2021, at the direction of the Society Marshal.
9.5.8
Insert new rule
Spears may have a spear-head at each end.
Functional change
Explicitly allowing them
Reason
Because they weren't explicily mentioned, there was confusion as to whether they were allowed.
For notes
October 2023 - Clarification that spears may have a spear head at each end.
9.6.2.10 in Rubber band guns - Ammunition
Insert new rule
Rubber tubing used to make ammunition must have a minimum diameter of 6 mm while at rest.
Functional change
Rubber tubing used to make rubber band gun ammunition now has a minimum tube diameter
Reason
To align with 6.4.3 of Society level rules (though Society rules state "in flight", which is not measurable).
For notes section
October 2023 - Added rule about diameter of rubber tubing used for rubber band ammunition to align with Society Fencing rules.
Was 5.8.1.5, now 9.7.1.5
Was
You are not allowed to use an object that can bind an opponent's weapon to their body, or to their other weapon or defensive object - either deliberately or by accident. This might include ropes or whips. You can use a coiled rope or whip to deflect a weapon.
Now
Objects which even temporarily bind your opponent's weapon to their person or equipment, whether by design or repeated mishap, are not allowed. This may include ropes or whips used in this manner. Ropes or whips used in such a way as to deflect and not bind are allowed.
Functional change
None
Reason
Closer to Society wording
9.7.2.4
Insert new rule
Non-standard defensive equipment includes, but is not limited to:
  • bucklers with a spike or projection more than two inches perpendicular to the main plane of the buckler or the central boss, whichever is applicable. The central boss does not count as a spike or projection.
  • bucklers with additions which could reasonably be expected to trap or catch a blade (such as rings or hooks);
  • axes;
  • Talhoffer "judicial duelling shields" and Talhoffer bucklers;and
  • bucklers made out of uncommon materials, such as vegetables, children's toys, etc.
Fencers should use common sense when applying this definition and be conservative when considering if a defensive item is non-standard, especially when a less-experienced fighter is concerned if an object would be safe to fence against.
Functional change
More items may now clearly be defined as non-standard.
Reason
Current language around non-standard defensive equipment is unclear, is limited in scope, and is open to interpretations. A change is needed to assist in clarity while also protecting fencers from potentially advanced tools. A blanket approval for these items would allow barely-authorised fencers to use a tool which could be safe in the hands of an expert, but not a newer fencer. This is a mid point compromise between banning for safety, and blanket approval.
"Non-standard" defensive items require the marshal and opponent to agree to their use.
For notes section
October 2023 - Previous language around non-standard defensive equipment was open to interpretations. A change was needed to assist in clarity while also protecting fencers from potentially advanced tools. A blanket approval for these items would have allowed barely-authorised fencers to use a tool which could be safe in the hands of an expert, but not a newer fencer. The wording used is a mid-point compromise between banning for safety, and blanket approval.

Changes in Chapter 10

Chapter 3 Rules for marshals
Now split into its component sections as chapters and reordered:
  • 10. Types of marshalling
  • 11. Supervising combat
  • 12. Marshals as officers
10.3-5 in Types of marshalling
Insert new rules and renumber subsequent rule
3. Authorising Fencing Marshals and Fencing Marshals must be 18 years of age or older.
4. Authorised combatants may fight in combat, and supervise others fighting.
5. Fencing Marshals are responsible for inspecting fencers to ensure that their protective equipment and weapons meet the requirements of these rules, and safely supervising combat.
6. Authorising Fencing Marshals are responsible for authorising fencing participants.
Functional change
Re-add rule for age requirement for marshals.
Reason
Marshals are offciers and officers must be over 18.
Clarification of roles.
Summary of roles table
Clarified wwhich roles require a Standard fencing authorisation.
Added requirement for Kingdom Fencing Marshal to be an Authorising Fencing Marshal

Changes in Chapter 11

Was 1.3.2 in Introduction, now 11.1.1 in Supervising Combat - General
Was
A rostered fencing marshal must be appointed as Marshal-in-Charge to supervise fencing combat at events or practices.
Now
If fencing is going to happen at an event or practice, there must be Fencing Marshal-in-Charge of that event or practice. They must be an authorised Fencing Marshal.
Functional change
None
Reason
Moved to relevant section of rules. Updated as we don't refer to rostered marshals in these rules.
Was 1.3.3 in Introduction, now 11.1.2 in Supervising Combat - General
Each bout must be supervised by a rostered fencing marshal or an authorised fencing combatant.
Now
Any time fencers are fencing, an authorised Fencing Marshal must have taken responsibility for that fencing and that everyone has been properly inspected. That responsible marshal must either directly supervise the fencing themselves or delegate that supervision to another willing Fencing Marshal or authorised fencing combatant.
Functional change
None
Reason
Reminds people that even pick-ups need an authorised marshal to be responsible for what is happening, but they can delegate supervision to another while they are fighting.
For notes
October 2023 - A reminder that even pick-ups need an authorised marshal to be responsible for the fighting, but they can delegate supervision to another while they are taking part in combat.
Was 3.3.2, now 11.2.2 in Supervising single combat
Addition of
If you are not legally fit to drive, you are not fit to marshal!
Functional change
None
Reason
Reminder of the importance of sound judgement for marshals.
Was 3.3.4, now 11.2.4
Was
At the start of the bout, you should allow the Herald to introduce the combatants (or make the introductions yourself) and show proper respect to the Crown. You should check the field for any hazards (such as holes or loose ground), ask the combatants if they are ready and then call for the bout to begin (such as "lay on", "allez", etc.).
Now
At the start of the bout, you must check the field for any hazards (such as holes or loose ground), ask the combatants if they are ready and then call for the bout to begin (such as "lay on", "allez", "begin", etc.).
Functional change
Heraldic activity not required
Reason
Not a safety regulation and does not take into account supervising single combat outside of formal tournaments. Added plain language option for starting bouts.
Was 3.4.1, now 11.3
Was
As well as the requirements in section 3.3, there are additional requirements for melee combat, which involves multiple combatants.
Now
As well as the requirements for supervising single combat, there are additional requirements for melee combat, which involves multiple combatants.
Functional change
None
Reason
Section referred to is immediately above. Is more of a description for the following rules. Subsequent rules renumbered.
Was 3.4.8, now 11.3.6 in Supervising melee combat
Was
You should also pay attention to additional hazards, such as fencers who lie on the ground after being "slain", or weapons that are left on the ground after a fencer is incapacitated.
Now
You should also pay attention to additional hazards, such as fencers who lie on the ground after being "slain", or equipment left on the ground after a fencer is incapacitated.
Functional change
None
Reason
Not just weapons left on the ground
Was 3.4.9, now 11.3.7 in Supervising melee combat
Was
You should also make sure fencers are obeying melee rules such as not turning their back on an opponent, or "killing from behind" according to the rules, when it is allowed.
Now
You should also make sure fencers are obeying melee rules such as not turning their back on an opponent, and using "killing from behind" correctly, if allowed in the scenario.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarifying wording. Could have been interpreted incorrectly as making sure fencers were not killing from behind according to the rules.
Was 3.5.1, now 11.4 Supervising rubber band guns
Is more of a description for the following rules. Subsequent rules renumbered
Was 3.5.2, now 11.4.1 in Supervising rubber band guns
Was
Rubber band guns are not allowed to be used in the Lists of a tournament. Rubber band guns can be used for other single combat, such as bouting.
Now
Rubber band guns are not allowed to be used in the Lists of a tournament. Rubber band guns can be used for other single combat.
Functional change
None
Reason
Bouting is not defined anywhere
Was 3.5.4, now 11.4.3
Was
Everyone on the field of combat, or within range, must be wearing protective equipment. That includes you and the other people supervising the field:
Now
Everyone on the field of combat, or within range, must be wearing protective equipment. Marshals can wear head protection (as per section 8.3) as a minimum.
Functional change
Marshals need only wear a fencing mask if rubber band guns are the only additional threat.
Reason
Appropriate for level of risk
For notes
June 2023 - Required armour for marshals reduced to a fencing mask if rubber band guns are the only additional threat on the field.
Was 3.5.4.a, now 11.4.3.2 in Supervising rubber band guns
Was
You should make sure all rubber band guns are unloaded or have been discharged into the ground before you allow people to remove their masks.
Now
You should make sure all rubber band guns are unloaded or have been discharged into the ground or other safe location before you allow people to remove their masks.
Functional change
None
Reason
Match other wording for where to discharge a rubber band gun.
Was 3.5.4.c, now 11.4.4 in Supervising rubber band guns
Was
Depending on the situation, you may need to require all rubber band guns to be discharged into the ground if a hold is called.
Now
During a hold, loaded rubber band guns must be placed with their muzzle placed against the ground or other safe location, such as into the wielder's shoe, to prevent accidental discharge. If unarmoured people, such as first aid providers, need to enter the field during a hold, rubber band guns must be discharged into the ground or other safe location.
Functional change
None
Reason
Provides clearer guidance about what to do with rubber band guns during holds.

Changes in Chapter 12

Was 3.2 in Rules for marshals, now 12.1 Inspections - General
Moved be with other inspection information.
Was 3.2.1, now 12.1.1 in General
Was
If you are an authorised Fencing Marshal, you can check equipment to make sure it complies with the rules. Information about fencing equipment is in Chapter 5 - Rules for equipment.
Now
If you are an authorised Fencing Marshal, you can check equipment to make sure it complies with the rules. Requirements for fencing equipment are in Protective equipment and Weapons and defensive equipment.
Reason
Updated links to updated sections.
Was 3.2.2, now 12.1.2 in General
Was
Your job includes:
  • making sure each fencer is wearing all of their protective clothing and equipment, and that it is fitted properly, with no skin visible and only incidental gaps between each item.
Now
Your job includes:
  • making sure each fencer is wearing all of their protective clothing and equipment, and that it is fitted properly, with only incidental gaps between each item.
Functional change
No visible skin is not a requirement as incidental gaps are permitted.
Reason
No visible skin is not a requirement as incidental gaps are permitted.
Was 3.2.4, now 12.1.4
Was
Some defensive objects are classified as non-standard. You are responsible for deciding if non-standard equipment complies with the rules and can be used on the field.
Now
Some defensive objects are classified as non-standard. The Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is responsible for deciding if non-standard equipment complies with the rules and can be used on the field.
Functional change
The Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is the one who can decide on non-standard equipment, rather than just any Fencing Marshal
Reason
Prevents marshal hunting to allow an item.
Was 3.2.5 and 3.2.5.a, now 12.1.5 in General
Was
You can rule that a piece of equipment does not meet these rules and cannot be used:
a. If that happens, the equipment can be changed or repaired; then it must be brought back to you so that you can inspect it again (it cannot be taken to another marshal unless you delegate the issue).
Now
You can rule that a piece of equipment does not meet these rules and cannot be used. If that happens, the equipment can be changed or repaired, and then it must be brought back to you so that you can inspect it again. It cannot be taken to another marshal unless you delegate the issue.
Reason
Merged into single rule for simplicity.
Was 3.2.6, now 12.1.6 in General
Was
If you are not sure about a piece of equipment, you can seek advice from another marshal or the Marshal-in-Charge.
Now
If you are not sure about a piece of equipment, you should seek advice from another marshal or the Marshal-in-Charge.
Reason
Marshals really should ask advice if they are unsure.
Was 6.1.1 Inspecting protective equipment - General, now 12.2.1 Overall inspection
6.1.1.1-2 moved to be the first two rules of 12.2.1 Overall inspection, and subsequent rules renumbered
Reason
Better fit for rules.
Was 6.1.1.2, now 12.2.1.2 in Inspecting protective equipment
Was
You might have to ask the fencer to touch or manipulate their protective equipment to check that it meets the rules and fits properly. You should avoid touching the fencer when carrying out a COVID-safe inspection (see section 6.4).
Now
You might have to ask the fencer to touch or manipulate their protective equipment to check that it meets the rules and fits properly.
Functional change
COVID requirements removed
Reason
COVID requirements removed.
For notes section
October 2023 - COVID requirements for inspections have been removed.
Was 6.1.2.4, now 12.2.1.6 in Overall inspection
Was
Check that the fencer is wearing rigid neck protection.
Now
Check that the fencer is wearing rigid neck protection. You must inspect the neck protection on the fencer with the mask off to ensure it sits properly and covers the required areas.
Functional change
Neck protection must be inspected with helm off to ensure coverage requirements
Reason
General inspection practice is to lift up the hood to see if a gorget is being worn. An incident at Festival had this, without realising that the gorget was too low and not safely protecting the fencer's throat. This change would address this.
For notes section
October 2023 - Following an incident where a low gorget was obscured by a hood, neck protection must be inspected with the mask/helm off to ensure that it sits properly and covers the required areas.
Was 6.1.3.4, now 12.2.2.4
Was
Look inside the mask or helm to check that it has no substantial protrusions, and that there is enough padding or a proper suspension to prevent it from hitting the fencer's head.
Now
Look inside the mask or helm to check that it has no substantial protrusions, such as sharp wire coming loose, and that there is enough padding or a proper suspension to prevent it from hitting the fencer's head.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarification of substantial protrusions
Was 6.1.4, now 12.2.3.2 in Inspecting gloves
Was
Note: Stitches in sewn leather can cause small gaps at the seams. These should be acceptable if there is no sign of the seam coming apart.
Now
Note: Stitches in sewn leather can cause small gaps at the seams. These should be acceptable if there is no sign of the seam failing during combat.
Functional change
Gloves can have small gaps at the seams
Reason
Society rules permit incidental gaps, so it's only really a problem if it's going to fall apart while fighting
Was a note for 6.2.2, now 12.3.2.1-2 in Inspecting rubber band guns
Was
Note: rubber band guns must be inspected in a place that is out of range of any unarmoured participants or spectators. The people conducting the inspection (the marshal and the combatant) must wear full face protection during the inspection.
Now
1. Rubber band guns must be inspected in a place that is out of range of any unarmoured participants or spectators.
2. The people conducting the inspection (the marshal and the combatant) must wear full face protection during the inspection.
Subsequent rules have been renumbered
Reason
They are requirements.
12.3.2.3 in Insepcting rubber band guns
Insert new rule
It is recommended, but not required, that the operator is shot (wearing full protection) by their own weapon - if you are not comfortable being hit by something, maybe you shouldn't be hitting other people with it!
Subsequent rules renumbered
Functional change
None, it's optional.
Reason
Formalising common practice.
Was 3.2.3.1-2 now 12.3.3.1-2 in Inspecting spears
References relating to metal headed spears and their requirements have been removed.
For notes
October 2023 - Metal headed spears were removed from use in Society Fencing in December 2021.
12.3.3.1.b in Inspecting spears
Insert new rule
A marshal should not use significant force to make a spear head bend; you should not need more pressure than can be comfortably applied by the wrist. If in doubt and where possible, a second marshal should be used to judge the flexibility of the spear head.
Functional change
Limit placed on the amount of pressure than can be applied to bend a spear head to test flexibility.
Reason
Most objects can be subject to significant tensile strength and many can return to their original shape within 3 seconds. As written, and as evidenced by some newer spear head designs, a marshal can apply a significant tensile load to a spear head (up to and including significant pressure from a hip whole body movement) to make a spear head "pass". This is unacceptable and unsafe. This is a stop-gap solution until a broader Society flex-test can be developed (underway).
For notes
October 2023 - You shouldn't need to apply more pressure than can be comfortably applied by the wrist when flex testing spear heads.
Was 6.3.3, now 12.4.3 in Inspecting defensive objects
Was
Check any non-standard offensive parts.
Now
Check any non-standard parts. Remember that the Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is responsible for approving non-standard defensive objects.
Functional change
Non-standard isn't limited to offensive parts. Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is responsible for approving non-standard defensive object.
Reason
Non-standard isn't limited to offensive parts, and a reminder that the Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is now responsible for approving non-standard defensive objects.
For notes
October 2023 - A reminder that the Fencing Marshal-in-Charge is now responsible for approving non-standard defensive objects.

Changes in Chapter 13

Chapter 4 - Rules for managing incidents is now Chapter 13
Was 4.1 General
Removed
Reason
Chapter intro added. Only one useful rule in this section, and it has been moved to the next section as 13.1.1, and subsequent rules renumbered.
13.2.2
Insert new rule
Fencers should discourage their opponent from taking a blow the fencer feels was excessive.
Subsequent rule renumbered.
Functional change
None
Reason
There is constant discussion as to if an excessive blow is illegal. I do not believe that it strictly is, but this rule encourages both safety and sportsmanship.
For notes
October 2023 - If you think you accidentally hit your opponent too hard, tell your opponent not to take it.
Was 4.4 Injuries, now 13.3 Injuries, and 13.4 Reporting
Substantively rewritten to include the same rules from armoured combat (section 6.1-3 of the Marshal's Handbook) for dealing with injuries, information about returning to the field, with particular attention to concussion
Section added on reporting of injuries and near-misses added as per those in armoured combat (section 6.4 of the Marshal's Handbook).
What was rules 4.4.2-3 are now included as rules 13.3.3.3
For notes
October 2023 - Please note the new rules with regards to concussion, where the injured person must leave the field and cannot participate in combat or training until assessed medically, even if symptoms resolve. New rules in 13.3 and 13.4 have been added about managing injuries and other incidents, and reporting requirements. They mirror those for armoured combat.
Suspensions from combat due to causing an injury can only be appealed to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal or higher.
Was 4.5.2, now 13.5.2 in Weapons failure
Was
These incidents must be reported to the Kingdom Fencing Marshal within 14 days and to the Society Fencing Marshal within 90 days.
Now
These incidents must be reported to the Group Fencing Marshal and Kingdom Fencing Marshal within 14 days and to the Society Fencing Marshal within 90 days (during their next quarterly report).
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarify that it is part of the normal reporting cycle
Was 4.6 and 4.7, now 13.6 Suspension of authorisation and other sanctions
This section has been substantively rewritten.
Was 4.8, now 13.7. Appeals
This section has been substantively rewritten, with an updated chain of appeals.

Changes in Chapter 14

3.6 and 3.7
Incorporated into chapter 14 - Authorisation procedures
Better to collect on one place.
Throughout 14 - Authorisation procedures
"practical test" updated to "practical combat test"
Functional change
Addition of the word "combat" to highlight that the practical component must include combat.
Reason
The handbook currently has two phrases meaning the same component of the authorising process. This combines them.
For notes section
October 2023 - The practical component of authorisations must include combat.
Throughout 14 - Authorisation procedures
Restructure of information to be consistent for each.
Notes have been incorporated as rules.
Was 8.1.2, now 14.1.2 in Authorisation procedures - General
Inserted bullet point
  • understand the risks of concussion, knows the signs and symptoms of concussion, and can apply the Concussion Recognition Tool
Functional change
Included requirement to understand the risks of concussion, knows the signs and symptoms of concussion, and ability apply the Concussion Recognition Tool
Reason
Concussion is a serious issue, and we need all our participants to be able to recognise it, and remove themselves from combat if they have one.
For notes section
October 2023 - Concussion is a serious issue, and we need all our participants to be able to recognise it, and remove themselves from combat if they have one.
14.1.4-9 in Authorisation procedures - General
Was
Not in rules
Now
4. There must be a dedicated practical combat test - it is not sufficient to simply have seen the fencer fight during a tournament, for example. This test must occur at an official event or official practice.
5. The practical combat test includes fencing against another fencer, and is observed and directed by the Authorising Fencing Marshal. This could include the Authorising Marshal fencing against the candidate, though it is strongly recommended that the Authorising Marshal observe rather than fight. The Authorising Fencing Marshal should discuss the fight with the fencer the candidate has fenced as part of the test in a place where the candidate cannot overhear.
6. Any person seeking to be authorised in any form of fencing, including marshal authorisations, must read, understand, and apply as appropriate the Concussion Recognition Tool.
7. In rare circumstances, where there is no other way for the fencer to undertake an authorisation, the Kingdom Fencing Marshal may act as the authorising marshal remotely, observing and directing the combat over a live video.
8. The practical combat test must occur within one month of the verbal test.
9. To be authorised as a marshal or combatant you must read, understand, and apply as appropriate the Concussion Recognition Tool.
Functional change
The practical test is an actual test.
Incorporates requirements for concussion awareness.
Adds the ability for the Kingdom Fencing Marshal to assess a candidate remotely via a live video call, though this should be a rare occurrence that only happens when there is no other practicable way of doing it normally.
Adds a timeframe for completing the parts of test. There was no guidance previously.
For notes section
October 2023 - Concussion is a serious matter, so we require all our participants to be able to recognise the signs and symptoms, so they can remove themselves from the field if they have a concussion.
October 2023 - The Kingdom Fencing Marshal can only issue an authorisation if they have witnessed the fencer themselves, though this can be remotely, via live video as a last resort.
Was 8.2.1.1.1 and 8.2.2.1.1, now 14.2.2.1.1 and 14.2.3.1.1 in Authorising fencers
"should" changed to "must" as they are required.
14.2.2.1.3 and 14.2.3.1.3 in Authorising fencers
Insert new rule and renumber subsequent rule
Now
Can the fencer describe some of the signs and symptoms of concussion, and what should happen if they, or one of their fellow fighters, experiences any of these?
Can the Gunner describe some of the signs and symptoms of concussion, and what should happen if they, or one of their fellow fighters, experiences any of these?
14.2.4, 14.3.2 and 14.4.2
Sections on completing paperwork added to clarify who has responsibility for submitting the paperwork, and that it should be submitted electronically.
14.3.1.1.3
Reiteration of age requirement for marshals

Changes in Chapter 15

Renumbered chapter and headings
Separating earlier chapters and rearranging moves Chapter 7 to Chapter 15.
Addition of heading General to prevent numbering collision with following section
Following rules renumbered
Was 7.1, now 15.1
Was
Not in rules
Now
Tests to penetration-resistant material must be made on the object itself, not a swatch of identical material, unless such a swatch undergoes the same stresses as the garment by being sewn onto the inside of a garment, as the swatch will not otherwise have undergone the same stresses over time..
Functional change
Clarification to ensure that a swatch of material cannot be kept in a closet and brought out to punch test; the protective garment itself must be subject to the test.
Reason
Swatch of fabric will otherwise not be subjected to the same wear and tear as the garment itself.
For notes section
October 20230 Clarification added to ensure that a swatch of material cannot be kept in a closet and brought out to punch test; the protective garment itself must be subject to the test, as the swatch of fabric will otherwise not be subjected to the same wear and tear as the garment itself.
Was 7.1.2, now 15.2.2 Exemptions
Additional rule added so numbering applied
Was
These materials only need to be tested at the marshal's discretion.
Now
These materials only need to be tested at the marshal's discretion if newly purchased. Ballistic nylon and commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons must be tested every two years, as they can degrade with use.
Functional change
Adds requirement to test every two years
Reason
These materials degrade with use
For notes section
October 2023 - Ballistic nylon and commercial fencing clothing rated to at least 550 Newtons must be tested every two years, as they can degrade with use.

Changes in Chapter 16

Was 3.8, now Chapter 16
Moved to own chapter
Was 3.8.1, now 16.1.1 in Fencing Marshal-in-Charge
Was
Every fencing combat event or practice must have a designated Marshal-in-Charge.
Now
Every event or practice that has fencing activities must have a designated Marshal-in-Charge.
Functional change
None
Reason
Clarified wording
Was 3.8.3.2, now 16.3.2 in Kingdom Fencing Marshal
Was
The Kingdom Fencing Marshal must hold and maintain a current fencing marshal authorisation and SCA membership.
Now
The Kingdom Fencing Marshal must hold and maintain a current Authorising Fencing Marshal authorisation and SCA membership.
Functional change
The Kingdom Fencing Marshal must be an Authorising Fencing Marshal, not just a fencing marshal
Reason
The Kingdom Fencing Marshal needs to have the ability to authorise people, and this should not be a power conferred by the role.
Was 3.8.3.4-5, now 16.3.4 in Kingdom Fencing Marshal
Was
4. You can also use your discretion to authorise a fencing marshal in any category that you believe is required to benefit the Kingdom and the Society. This might include appointing experienced fencers or marshals in a category in order to promote that type of fencing within a group.
5. You must make those appointments in writing, send a copy to the Kingdom Lists Officer as a record, and include the details of the appointment in your quarterly report.
Now
You can also use your discretion to authorise a Fencing Marshal or Authorising Fencing Marshal without undertaking the normal processes, should you believe it is required to benefit the Kingdom and the Society. This might include appointing experienced fighters as marshals in order to promote that type of fencing within a group. This should only be done when the normal process cannot be appiled, and does not overrule any other requirements. For example, Authorising Fencing Marshals must still be authorised in a form of combat to authorise fencers in that form. You must make those appointments in writing, send a copy to the Kingdom Lists Officer as a record, and include the details of the appointment in your quarterly report.
Functional change
Limits the ability of the Kingdom Fencing Marshal to issue Marshal authorisations by fiat.
Reason
Our authorisation processes exist to ensure a level of rigour and accountability, and shouldn't be overridden at will.
16.4 - Kingdom Earl Marshal
Inserted information on the Kingdom Earl Marshal as a reminder that they are part of the officers responsible for fencing, and fencers can become the Earl Marshal.

Changes in Chapter 17

Chapter renumbered
Separating earlier chapters and rearranging moves Chapter 9 to Chapter 17.
17.1.3 in Precedence
Insert new rule
Where there is conflict between Lochac and Society fencing rules, Lochac's rules have precedence. They are the rules accepted by the Board of SCA Ltd Australia and Committee of SCA NZ Inc (and their insurers), and they hold the legal liability, not SCA Inc. Lochac has variances which have been approved by the Board of SCA Inc.
Functional change
None
Reason
Explains why we don't immediately adopt Society rule changes.
Was 9.2.2, now 17.2 in Changes to the rules
Was
Permanent changes to the rules can only be made using the following procedures, and shall only come into effect after all of these steps are complete:
(a)The change is approved by:
i. the Crown; and
ii. the Kingdom Seneschal; and
iii. the Board of SCA Ltd, and
iv. the Committee of SCA NZ Inc.
Now
Permanent changes to the rules can only be made using the following procedures, and will only come into effect after all of these steps are complete:
(a) The change is approved by:
i. the Kingdom Earl Marshal, then
ii. the Crown, then
iii. the Kingdom Seneschal (who will consult with relevant depurties with

regards to risk), then

iv. the Board of SCA Ltd and the Committee of SCA NZ Inc (who will

confirm coverage with our insurers).

Functional change
None
Reason
Clarifies that they must be done in order, and additional steps.
17.2.5-6
Insert new rules
5. Where a proposed rule is less restrictive than Society level rules, a variation must be sought from the SCA Inc Board of Directors, via the Society Fencing Marshal and Society Marshal.
6. There may be activities or equipment permitted in New Zealand and not in Australia, or vice versa, whether due to mundane law or insurance requirements. If so, the rules will include a clear statement as to which country the rule applies to.
Reason
Explanation and clarification that we can do things differently in parts of the kingdom, and differently from Society with permission.
Was 9.3, removed
Information is included in following section.
Was 9.4.3, now 17.3.3
Was
The Kingdom Fencing Marshal can approve an experimental program, subject to the agreement of the Kingdom Earl Marshal and the Society Marshal.
Now
As experiments may create liability issues, the Kingdom Fencing Marshal can only approve an experimental program with the agreement of:
  • the Kingdom Earl Marshal; and
  • the Society Fencing Marshal (if the rule change needs to happen to Society fencing rules); and
  • the Committee of SCA New Zealand Inc and Board of SCA Ltd Australia, and their insurers.
Functional change
Clarifies who needs to be involved in the experimental process and why
Reason
Board and Committee hold liability for our activities, and our insurers need full disclosure of our activities. This was not previously articulated in the rules.
For notes section
October 2023 - Experiments may create liaibility issues, which rest with our Board and Committee, so they need to consent to accept that risk. Our insurance company may not cover us for any activity that we have not provided full disclosure of, so they also need to approve any experiements in the same way that actual rule changes are approved.
17.3.4 in Experimenting with the rules
Insert new rule and subsequent rules renumbered
Now
If an experiment is approved in one country and not the other, it may only be conducted in the approved country.
Functional change
Experiments can occur where the relevant affiliate approves the experiment, even if the other does not.
Reason
This allows for experimental activities that might be mundanely illegal in one country due to weapons legislation or prohibited by insurance issues, but permitted in the other country.
17.3.5 in Experimenting with the rules
Insert bullet point
Which rules don't allow it to occur now and how the rules would need to change to allow it.
Functional change
Experimental proposals need to investigate why it currently isn't allowed, and provide example rules or rule changes that would permit the activity/weapon/material.
Reason
Additional rigour for process and confirmation that the rules don't already allow for it. Simplify process for incorporating the activity/weapon/material is accepted after experimentation.
Was 9.4.5-6. now 17.3.6-7 in Experimenting with the rules
"where relevant" added in relation to the Society Marshal, as we may conduct experiments where the activity/weapon/material is already permitted at Society-level, but had been restricted locally.
Reason
Lochac may conduct experiments where the activity/weapon/material is already permitted at Society-level, but had been restricted locally.
17.3.9 in Experimenting with the rules
Insert new rule and renumber subsequent rule
Now
Incorporating the change into the rules permanently will follow the procedures set out in Changes to the rules.
Reason
Reiterates that changes following experimentation are just like all other changes.

Changes in Glossary

Was Upper leg, now Thigh in Terms relating to acknowledging blows
Updated to match term in rules. Also updated upper leg to thigh in Lower leg definition
Resilient padding
Was
Material that compresses under pressure from a thumb but returns to its shape within 3 seconds of the pressure being removed
Now
Any material or combination of materials - equivalent to 6mm of closed cell foam - that absorbs some of the force of a thrust or blow.
Functional change
Glossary updated to use definition within rules
Reason
Conflicting definition
For notes section
October 2023 - Glossary definition for resilient padding updated to reflect wording used in rules.
Added - Vital area
The areas of the body that are required to be covered by penetration resistant armor or rigid armor.
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